Iran and Middle East Studies / İran ve Orta Doğu Çalışmaları

This study has aimed at increasing familiarity of students with regard to major issues in Middle East politics, and providing a framework that would help to analyze regional politics. In this regard, there are two points to be considered. The first one is the necessity of addressing an issue regarding the region through a synchronic and comparative perspective. The second is the fact that any issue addressed in political analyses is a part of a complicated process shaped by interaction of a number of factors in a specific place and historical context. In this study, firstly main factors that are effective in Middle East politics, such as physical and human geography, economy and history are examined. In the second part, leading actors that play critical roles in regional politics, i.e. states, international organizations and extra-regional powers, and the roles of these actors in Middle East politics are discussed. Lastly, contextual factors that emerge in the Middle East, and regional...

ABSTRACT  The Arab Spring of 2011 has revived an academic interest in social movements and revolutions in the Middle East, which was used to be associated with the persistence of authoritarianism. Although the Arab Spring has come up with different outcomes in various countries, currently, there is a burgeoning literature that studies reasons, processes and outcomes of recent social movements and revolutions particularly in the Middle East. In fact, the subject of social movements and revolutions has been underestimated and underexplored in the Middle East studies, or Social Movements studies for a long time. This article argues that despite the negligence of the relevant literature, history of the Middle East has witnessed numerous social movements and revolutions. Then, it provides a historical overview of Middle Eastern revolutions. Against this background, this paper attempts to analyze potential reasons of the aloofness the literature towards social movements and revolutions...

Introduction Virtually all Syrian people were excited with the outbreak of public protests against the ruling Baath regime in March 2011.  / e protesters then took some measures in order to prove that the ethnic and religious divisions of people did not inhibit them from coming together for change and overcoming sectarian incitements. One popular slogan chanted at the demonstrations was “One, One, the Syrian people are one!” However, the initial accord among people coming from various ethnic and religious backgrounds gradually eroded when the opposition demonstrations turned into armed clashes with the security forces.  / e clashes, which gradually appeared in a sectarian form, deepened communal divisions and triggered inter- communal anxieties for a number of reasons and then turned into a protracted social con Á ict and civil war (Atlıo Ì lu, 2018). / e civil war that has in Á icted Syria for over eight years has profoundly a ff ected all people in the country in terms o...